1. Introduction
The Usefulness of Methods and Statistics to Public Administration and Policy / Policy Evaluation / The Plan of the Book
2. Planning Policy Research: Hypothesis and Research Design
Hypotheses and Variables / Unit of Analysis / Control Variables / Operationalizing the Hypotheses / Planning the Research: Research Design / Research in Practice 2A: An Experimental Design / Research in Practice 2B: A Time Series Design / Research in Practice 2C: Before and After Design / Research in Practice 2D
3. Measurement and Data Collection
Measurement / Constructing Indices and Scales / Research in Practice 3A: Using a Simple Scale / Data Collection / Reseaerch in Practice 3B: Useful Data Sources for Policy Analysts / Research in Practice 3C: Examples of Bad Survey Questions / Research in Practice 3D: Pitfalls for Officials Using Citizen Surveys / Research in Practice 3E: Objectives and Principle Effectiveness Measures for Solid Waste Collection / Research in Practice 3F: Summary of Principle Effectiveness Measures for Fire Protection Service
4. Using the Computer in Policy Research
Learning the Jargon / Planning for Computer Analysis / Data Storage / Analyzing Your Data / Research in Practice 4A: Widely Used Statistical Packages for the Personal Computer / Spreadsheet Analyses / Database Management Systems / Computing Costs / Some Final Thoughts
5. Analyzing Single Variables: Frequency Distributions and Summary Measures
Constructing and Presenting Frequency Distributions / Research in Practice 5A: Frequency and Percentage Distributions / Graphs and Charts / Measures of Central Tendency / Research in Practice 5B: Frequency Distribution and Simple Graphs / Measures of Dispersion
6. Analyzing the Relationship between Variables: Percentage Tables and Measures of Association
Contingency Table Analysis / Research in Practice 6A: Contingency Table Analysis / The Concept and Measurement of Association / Some Frequently Used Measures of Association / Research in Practice 6B: Chi-Square Measure of Association / Choosing a Measure of Association / Controlling for the Effect of One or More Variables / Research in Practice 6C: The Elaboration Model and the Use of Controls
7. Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance
The Concept of Statistical Significance / Sampling and Sampling Procedures / Research in Practice 7A: Using a Table of Random Numbers / Research in Practice 7B: Stratified Sampling / Research in Practice 7C: Sampling Using Random Digit Dialing
8. Analyzing the Relationship between Variables: Regression Analysis
The Logic of Regression / Deriving Values for a and b in Linear Regression / Linear Regression: An Example / Research in Practice 8A: Regression Analysis / Goodness of Fit / Research in Practice 8B: Correlation / Research in Practice 8C: Correlation and Its Use in Assessing Measurement Reliability / The Assumptions of Regression / Some Issues in the Use of Regression and Correlation
9. Analyzing the Relationship between More Than two Variables: Multiple Regression
Multiple Regression / Research in Practice 9A: Multiple Regression / Research in Practice 9B: Multiple Regression / The Limits of Multiple Regression / Research in Practice 9C: Using Dummy Variables / Analysis of Variance: A Related Technique
10. Other Multivariate Techniques
Causal Modeling / Time Series / Research in Practice 10A: An Interrupted Time Series / Research in Practice 10B: Pooled Time Series / Probit Analysis / Research in Practice 10C: Using Probit / Logistic Regression / Event History Analysis
11. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Overview / Advantages of Cost-Benefit Analysis / Some Limitations of Cost-Benefit Analysis / Pointers on Calculating Costs and Benefits / Benefits, Costs, and Risk / Cost and Benefit Figures—What Do You Do with Them? / Research in Practice 11A: Cost-Benefit Analysis / And Back to the Fire Department Planner / Research in Practice 11B: Cost-Benefit Estimates with Sensitivity Analyses / Summary / Research in Practice 11C: Costs and Benefits of Eradicating Measles
12. Policy Research and Public Organizations
Ethical Questions in Policy Research / Reporting Your Research / Using Policy Research in Policymaking