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Third Edition

Howard R. D. Gordon

Gordon is the first author to provide a relevant, up-to-date synthesis of the history, philosophy, legislation, and organizational/curricular structure of career and technical education. His text offers a detailed and well-documented road map of CTE, from its foundation all the way to its present status. Career and technical educators will find the comprehensive background and research they need on such topics as gender, ethnicity, and special-needs populations as well as the impact of the aging workforce. This well-researched new edition examines the current issues that shape the role of career and technical education in the global economy of the technology-driven twenty-first century. Among the timely topics examined in this well-researched, revised edition are:

• The roots of CTE in America and an overview of influential leaders in CTE curriculum development.

• The impact of land-grant institutions on the professional growth of CTE, important factors influencing CTE development, and the evolution and implications of federal CTE legislation.

• The latest research involving CTE teachers and instructional programs, career and technical student organizations, and the effectiveness of School-to-Work.

• A new chapter on twenty-first-century issues and trends impacting the future of CTE.

$37.95 list, 386 pages

10-digit ISBN: 1-57766-517-1

13-digit ISBN: 978-1-57766-517-5

© 2008

Table of Contents

1. Early Career and Technical Education in America

European Influence on Career and Technical Education / Apprenticeship in America / The Industrial Revolution / The Manual Training Movement / Phases of Technology Development / Redefining Career and Technical Education

2. Leaders Who Influenced Career and Technical Education Curriculum Development

Historical Role of Booker T. Washington / Views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois / Views of Snedden, Prosser, and Dewey / A Redefinition of Manual Training / Differences in Educational Philosophies: John Dewey and Charles Prosser / Major Dennis Mobley's Philosophy of Career and Technical Education

3. Impact of Land-Grant Institutions on Career and Technical Education

First Morrill Act (Adopted July 2, 1862) / Second Morrill Act (Adopted August 30, 1890) / The Tribal Colleges / The Smith-Lever Agricultural Extension Act / 4-H Youth Development

4. Selected Factors that Influenced Career and Technical Education Development

Impact of War Activities / Study Panels / Association for Career and Technical Education

5. Legislative History and the Changing Workforce

Pre-1917 Laws and Bills / Authors of Federal Legislation for Career and Technical Education / Major Vocational Legislation / Reform and Vocational Education / Career and Technical Education: 1990s–21st Century / Implications for Today's Global Workforce

6. Participation of Women in Career and Technical Education

Historical Work Roles of Women in Career and Technical Education / Legislative Breakthroughs Affecting Women / Selected Problems Associated with Sex Equity / Institute for Women in Trades, Technology, and Science (IWITTS) / Revisitation of Title IX: Gender Segregation in CTE at the High School Level / Workforce Participation of Women in Developing Countries

7. Participation of Special-Needs Populations in Career and Technical Education

Historical Relationship between Ethnic Groups and CTE / Participation of Special Education Students in Career and Technical Education / Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 and 2004 Reauthorization / Challenges for Career and Technical Educators

8. Career and Technical Education Instructional Programs and Teachers

Career and Technical Education at the Secondary Level / Areas of Study / Credentials and Work Experience of CTE Teachers at the Secondary Level / Selected Entities Influencing Growth in CTE Programs

9. Development of Career and Technical Education Student Organizations

Public Law 81-740 / Organizational Structure and Role of the CTSOs / Federally Recognized CTSOs / Career and Technical Student Organizations and Work-Based Learning

10. The Effectiveness of School-to-Work

Historical Background of School-to-Work / Related Studies on School-to-Work

11. The Aging Workforce

Selected Population Characteristics / Population Aging and Perceptions of an Older Workforce / Participation Characteristics of the Aging Workforce / Influence on an Older Workforce on Career and Technical Education / Generations and the Workforce / Implications for Career and Technical Education Programs / Challenges for Career and Technical Educators

12. Globalization of Career and Technical Education

Global Awareness and Interdependence / Internationalizing the Curriculum / International Comparisons / The Global Role of Career and Technical Education / Efficacy of Career and Technical Education on Global Competitiveness

13. Issues and Trends Impacting the Growth and Future of Career and Technical Education

The Changing Image of Career and Technical Education / The Shortage of Career and Technical Education Teachers / Diversity, Multicultural Education, and CTE / Closing the Achievement Gap / Selected Learning Models for Career and Technical Education Students / Career Clusters: A Plan of Education for a Global Economy / Impact of Globalization on Career and Technical Education in the Twenty-First Century

Glossary